RBI strict new funding rule with 50% at least in cash to buy stocks
India’s financial markets are adjusting to a major regulatory shift that took effect on July 1, as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced stricter funding requirements for proprietary trading firms. Under the new framework, bank guarantees must now be backed by 100% collateral, with at least half of that in cash. The change significantly reduces available leverage for domestic prop‑trading desks — dropping from roughly 1.7x to about 0.85x — which in turn pushes up funding costs and is already weighing on options liquidity and widening single‑stock spreads.
Indian proprietary trading desks are navigating a sharp leverage reset. Until now, firms could pledge about 50% collateral to secure a full bank guarantee, effectively doubling their trading capacity. Under the new RBI mandate, guarantees must be backed by fully secured collateral, pushing effective leverage below 1x and reshaping how domestic intermediaries deploy capital.
The shift is already tightening liquidity across the ecosystem. Capital‑market players are facing higher funding costs and reduced balance‑sheet flexibility, a squeeze that could impact as much as 15% of daily derivatives turnover on exchanges such as the BSE.
Market depth is feeling the strain as well. Options liquidity has begun to thin out, and bid‑ask spreads are widening—especially in single‑stock options, where holding inventory has become significantly more expensive under the new collateral rules.
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